 1Psychiatric hospitals general situation in China
(1) The construction of department beds in China
According to Ministry of Health statistics in 2003:psychiatric department beds is 93,471; 109,105; 119,860; in 1990 2000 2002 respectively. It accounted for 5.1%; 5.1%; 5.3% respectively of the total in hospital department bed of China.
(2) The rate of bed usage
According to Ministry of Health statistics in 2003:the rate of bed usage in psychiatric department of Ministry of Healths hospital in China is 98.2% in 1985; 95.3% in 1990; 82.2% in 1995; 73.6% in 2000; 75.2% in 2001; 78.5% in 2002.
(3) Average days of hospitalized
According to Ministry of Health statistics in 2003:average days of hospitalized in discharged patient in psychiatric department of Ministry of Healths hospital in China is 92.2% in 1985; 80.9% in 1990; 66.9% in 1995; 52.4% in 2000; 51.7% in 2001; 49.7% in 2002.
2The present situation of psychiatric department nursing in China
(1) The simple situation of nurse
In China psychiatric departments nurse usually make up Master Graduate and Undergraduate. Among them Undergraduate is most. The students must pasted one years practice and joined professional qualifications exam after graduate, then offer a certificate after all engage in nursing field.
(2) The present situation of psychiatric department nursing in China
The present situation and development of psychiatric nursing in China
In China attach important to psychiatric nursing after 1949, and build up Mental Health Hospital in many place; increase beds; improve facilities; formulate rules and regulations; strengthen technical; and organize the patient take part in various activities. In 1958, carry out the administer system of opening to the outside, e.g: allow patient manage wards; organize the patient join suitable society activities or tour, at same time, we start to psychological nursing for patient.
20 century the eighties early, our country resumed the education of higher learning, it give rise to the idea and theory of system of responsibility nursing.
In 1985 held the first meeting of psychiatric nursing. In 1990 established the Committee of Psychiatric Nursing all over country, organize the meeting of academic exchange about psychiatric nursing and international academic exchange regularly, furthermore, formulate each rules and regulations for psychiatric health care nursing and make psychiatric news in all kinds of nursing magazine, also publish many books of psychiatry, e.g: <>(publishing house of peoples 1982); <>(Southeast university publishing house 1992); <>(Military Medical of Peoples publishing house 2002); <>(Military Medical of Peoples publishing house 2004) act.
With rapid development of psychiatric medical, perfect many cause of psychiatric obstruct and mechanisms. New treatment method continuous emerge in large number. Psychiatric nursing development form a systematize whole nursing based on before, at same time, nurses offer personal service for different patients through managing various planning examing with doctor together, and take out many therapy of psychiatric, and formed many relative nursing such as mental amusement recovered and health and so on.
The role of psychiatric nurse
Psychiatric nurse play the different roles in the work.
Take care of the life for patient----complete many heavy living and basic nursing to meet the needs of physiology;
Organize manger----according to different phases of disease take opening and closing measures, build opening environment and rules, make the facilities of tend towards family; society. Closing manage unfold activity according to different state of an illness for destination, e.g: choose patients state of illness is stable study,manage many amused therapy for the patients with despression provide comfortable environment for patient to rest, and improve their confidence; chronic psychiatric patient arrange many exercises for living skills to recover their ability of society; recovery stage patient produce rich for society through engage in shop. The nurse regular hold a meeting for them, an encourage them take rationalization proposal about manage ward catering mass service of nurse, also join manage;
Safeguard----direct them dont hurt themselves and others, take vigour to another thing is good for themselves;
Therapist----join and coordinate every clinic therapy, help doctor complete together, and work out a overall nursing plan for therapy;
Treatment of the mind----patient is center, supply nursing of psychiatric; society; civilization to meet the needs of psychology;
Healthy teacher----teach them now to keep health in system and accordance, e.g: told the notice before check or therapy, patients right and duty, how to present relapse, give vent to dissatisfy in mind speed up recover.
Obviously, nurse in psychiatric department plays the whole role among the different stages in therapy with psychiatric patients, unit the nursing article and the demand of patients.
Take three-stage nursing
According to patients different condition, implement different nursing care. New patient; acute stage of psychiatric can complete a part of living but patients condition vary at any time; serious side-effect; patient needs observe change of its condition after particular therapy is first-stage nursing care must in the sight of nurse, nurse have to observe the condition very carefully; Remission stage of psychiatric can complete all over the living; light dull-witted is second-stage nursing care help them improve their ability by themselves and formulate detailed healthy guidance planning; Complete living have no problem remission stage of body and recovery stage of psychiatric is third-stage nursing care. The importance direct patients fit the new environment quickly, rehabilitation practice meet the needs of healthy knowledge to patient.
3Development trend of psychiatric nursing in China
(1) Train a talented person
The progress and development of present medical extend the realm and content of psychiatric nursing. Nurses raise their knowledge level higher and higher. Therefore, we have to make strenuous efforts to train different levels of nursing from undergraduate to doctor degree. At same time to link the world and geared to the needs of development of psychiatric nursing.
(2) Psychiatric nursing and research
The psychiatric nursing patterning is development the form of whole nursing----patient is the heart, The nurse put to use critical mode of thinking to observe and decide change of patients condition. It is the first massage give to doctor, reinforce the patients healthy education and guidance rehabilitation for system. Nursing research is developed continuous, refresh the idea of psychiatric nursing, perfect the action of nursing content.
(3) Popularize the knowledge of psychiatric health
With the development of medical and three-stage prevention in psychiatric department, it put formed the high demand to psychiatric nursing. The society function of psychiatric healthy is improve ability of peoples living. Nowadays, with science development and various and completed industry construction, it make living rhythm fast; acute post compete; without work staff increase; re-on-duty staffs uncomfortable in mental, they all bring different degrees pressure of psychology, it can make people get ill. How to make the people suit the environment of society living and defend healthy mind after exchange. Popularize the knowledge of psychiatric health is society function of psychiatric nursing.
It is a widely content; high nursing skills field and put forward new demand for work and service scope of psychiatric nursing.The psychiatric nursing extend to local society and direct of treatment in family and remission care of local societys psycho, e.g: some serious hereditary disease of psychosis (schizophrenia). Nurse direct and let this kind of patients know its very necessary go to clinic have to a check before or after get marry.
As may be inferred from this, psychiatric nursing not only improve knowledge structure quality service mass of nurse but also extend service scope, reinforce the work of prevention psychiatric healthy treatment and unfold treatment at home, popularize knowledge of psychiatric health. All of this will turn into inexorable trend for psychiatric nursing.
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Ministry of Health, (2003) No.013
ICP:No.040657